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TR Scientific Antarctic Mission & Expeditions

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In earlier times Antarctic has been visited by Turkish scientists or mountaineers, individually under expedition programme of collaborated countries. Initially, this thread will mention about nation-wide missions, and later will revisit firsts in Antarctica by Turkish people.

The main fields of activity of PolReC (Polar Research Center at ITU) which has conducted expeditions from 2017-2019 is given as in here: http://www.polarresearch.center/about-us/

PARTICIPATION OF TURKEY TO INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM OF ANTARCTIC CONTINENT AND PROVIDE TO HAVE A SAY
  • Carry out studies for provide Turkey’s have a say in future of arctic regions and act as an interface between researchers in ITU and other universities of Turkey with national or international scientific bodies and authorities,
  • Carry out studies for provide that Turkish Arctic and Antarctic Research Programs (TuArk) current studies sustainability,
  • Cooperative studies between other countries focus on Arctic, Antarctic Region, Ocean and Marine Sciences and by this means develop new technologies and new scientific methods.
ESTABLISH A SCIENTIFIC STATION AND REPUBLIC OF TURKISH SCIENCTIFIC RESEARCH VESSEL STUDY
  • Carry out studies for provide Turkey’s have a say in future of arctic regions and act as an interface between researchers in ITU and other universities of Turkey with national or international scientific bodies and authorities,
  • Carry out studies for provide that Turkish Arctic and Antarctic Research Programs (TuArk) current studies sustainability,
  • Cooperative studies between other countries focus on Arctic, Antarctic Region, Ocean and Marine Sciences and by this means develop new technologies and new scientific methods.
INCREASE SCIENTIFIC STUDIES WHICH FOCUS ON GLOBAL WARMING IN ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC REGION, INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AND PARTICIPATION TO INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PLATFORMS
  • Affiliate to SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research) which is most powerful international research committee in the world, provide sustainability on affiliation and participation,
  • Provide a substructure to Turkish scientists for suitable to studies about world climate change focus on Antarctic region,
  • Support meetings and studies arranged for protect natural resources in Arctic and Antarctic region,
  • Engage in national and international courses, seminars, conferences, congresses and suchlike activities.
ENGAGE TRAINING ACTIVITIES
  • Carry out trainings intended to raise public awareness about Turkish Arctic and Antarctic Research Programs (TuArk) works,
  • Publish reports, bulletins, projects, books, articles, journals and suchlike publications which include solution suggestions and explain scientific and technical findings as results of practices and studies,
  • Carry out studies on establish a new main center include laboratories, virtual and interactive presentations, and suchlike visuals. After establishment, obtain endurable management.

There has been one + four expeditions, named as TARE -TAE I -II- III - IV , conducted in 2016, 2017 , 2018, 2019 and lastly in 2020.
The first three TAE missions have been coordinated by PolReC (ITU), however, the last mission TAE -IV has been conducted by newly established Institute of polar research (KARE) under TUBITAK MAM (Marmara Research Center). KARE's overview is given as, in here:https://kare.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en/about-pri/institutional-overview

Turkey’s affairs with polar regions date back to the mapping of the South America coasts, which are the nearest territories to the Antarctic in the world map, by Piri Reis in the 16th century. In the course of history, scientific studies on polar regions continued actively under the flags of other countries and/or joint expeditions with other countries.​
Under the auspices of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, with the support and financing of the Ministry of Industry and Technology and under the coordination of ITU PolReC; national scientific expeditions were conducted to the Antarctic in 2017, 2018 and 2019.​
Polar Research Institute (KARE) was established in 2019 within TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center to ensure the coordination and logistics of the future national polar expeditions.​
Polar Research Institute (KARE) aims to provide support for R&D and scientific research studies that can be conducted in polar regions, to operate Turkey’s polar research camp(s) and station(s), to plan and coordinate logistics, to facilitate communication among relevant organizations, to conduct bilateral international collaborations, to develop and implement the national polar strategy in cooperation with stakeholders, to raise awareness of polar regions at national scale, to materialize national and international scientific diplomacy on polar regions and to increase the competitive power of Turkey in science by representing it in international arena.​

The first 2 missions, TARE -TAE I was conducted with limited contribution since it has focused on preliminary investigations, the last 3 has been conducted by 25+ people consisting of scientists mainly, lawyer ,doctor, representatives from multiple state organizations and news maker.
In TAE- III (2019) a permanent base was established, along with GNSS and Meteorological measurement stations, the expeditions usually has taken place in Februarary -April the most favorable weathers, the team has reached to the destination by flight, and seaway from Chile /Argentina equipment, gears are delivered via air or maritime cargo. A ship and helicopter of foreign origin was chartered for the voyage and research purposes.
From TAE- II and so on, the mission has 2 separate management, one for land and the other sea, the scientific missions have been separately conducted by each. The team has used helicopter, RHIB to roam around, also have used drones for measurement and dived for sampling.

Documentary by TRT

TARE

TAE-III

TAE-III

TAE-IV
 
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Regarding to the TAE-III


ANTARCTICA

Turkey’s third National Antarctic Science Expedition team completed its mission on the icy continent after 30 days of scientific studies.

For a month, a group of 24 scientists stayed in Betanzos, a Chile-flagged ship on an area of 300 square meters (3229 square feet).

Some 14,000 kilometers (around 8700 miles) away from Turkey, scientists worked at temperature below zero and conducted more than 12 hours of field work per day on the continent experiencing summer.

The weather conditions were not always appropriate for the field work. Sometimes, a wind forced the team to stay inside and to examine the samples collected from the field.

They also spent time exercising, watching movies, reading books, and chatting when inside the ship.

Only entering into the network of a few satellite systems, the frozen continent enabled limited communication. Scientists kept in touch with their relatives in a limited time via e-mails and satellite phones once a week.

The daily nutrition was among the priorities of the scientists. They ate food cooked by Chilean cooks, consumed energy bars, chocolate, and dried food.

Speaking on her memories in Antarctica, Sahika Ercumen, a Turkish free-diving world record holder, said that it was one of the most special moments in her entire sports career to represent Turkey in the frozen continent.

A member of the expedition team, Murat Ates from Turkish naval forces said: "We have carried out our works under difficult conditions, but we ultimately succeeded."

Earlier in February, a Turkish team traveled to Antarctica as part of the Third National Antarctic Science Expedition to spend 30 days, which was supported by the Turkish Presidency, the Industry and Technology Ministry, and ITU’s Polar Research Center, along with other Turkish universities.

During the expedition, Anadolu Agency covered the team’s scientific efforts in Antarctica with a group of three journalists; economy correspondent Dilara Zengin, photojournalist Ozge Elif Kizil and cameraman Servet Ulku.

In April 2016, the first-ever Turkish team of researchers -- including doctors, botanists, geologists, and oceanographers from seven universities -- traveled to Antarctica to study the impact of climate change.

Antarctica, the coldest continent on earth, has served as a scientific research zone since the signing of a 1959 treaty.

Writing By Faruk Zorlu
 

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From TAE-II , pollution in Antarctica.
Scientists from Turkey's largest polar expedition have been researching the effects of climate change on Antarctica. Warming temperatures have meant glaciers have receded and ice shelves have collapsed. Our correspondent Alican Ayanlar was on the expedition to find out how the region is changing.
 

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This and the push for space makes me very happy. Science is the way forward.

"If one day, my words are against science, choose science." Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
 

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A temporary-modular base was already set up in horseshoe island the base hosts meteorological and observational instruments. By 2023 a permanent base will established in a proper location aiding further Turkish expeditions. The "permanent" term does not indicate a permanent stay in Antarctica, the expeditions will still cover temporary stays while being located and operated in the base, instead of a ship.
 
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-Aselsan's communication (Local area, SATCOM) systems to be used in TAE-6.

-Havelsan's GNSS systems to be used in 6th Antarctic Expedition, TAE-6. Havelsan has made improvisation on GNSS to support high accuracy in Arctic regions.

-Tubitak SAGE's thermal batteries to be used in TAE-6 for multiple duties, including to provide long shelf life, warming crew in emergencies, providing energy for certain equipments when necessary.

Permanent arctic base plan is continuing, it will be commenced soon.
 
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Summary of the speeches, important parts marked normal font, keypoints are marked with bold.

Presentation and Delivery Ceremony of National Technologies to be Used in the 6th National Antarctic Science Expedition Minister of Industry and Technology Mustafa Varank, Ankara Governor Vasip Şahin, President of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK). Dr. Hasan Mandal, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center Polar Research Institute (MAM-KARE) Director and Expedition Coordinator Prof. Dr. Burcu Özsoy, TÜBİTAK SAGE Manager Gürcan Okumuş, ASELSAN Chairman and General Manager Prof. Dr. Haluk Görgün, HAVELSAN General Manager Dr. Mehmet Akif Acar and TÜRKSAT Satellite Services Deputy General Manager Dr. It was held at TÜBİTAK Feza Gürsey Conference Hall with the participation of Selman Demirel.

"Our goal is to gain the "Consultant Country" status in the Antarctic Treaty, to wave our flag there and to have a say in the future of the white continent"

Speaking at the ceremony, Minister of Industry and Technology Mustafa Varank pointed out that efforts are being made to build a great and powerful Turkey in many fields from the defense industry to digital technologies, from electric vehicles to space studies. Minister Varank said, “Polar research is one of the important activities we carry out with this vision.” said.

Varank said, “Our goal is to gain the “Consultant Country” status in the Antarctic Treaty, to wave our flag there and to have a say in the future of the white continent.” used the phrases.​

Reminding that five scientific expeditions have been organized to the continent since 2017, Minister Varank noted that on January 22, a sixth expedition will be launched with a team of 20 people. Varank said, “I am aware that this is a very exciting process for those who are passionate about polar sciences. Believe me, I'm just as excited as you are." He used his expressions and stated that he wanted to join the polar expedition, "I hope to go on an expedition after the Ministry." he wished.​

“I am proud that our country is at the forefront of polar studies”

Pointing out that the poles are very important areas that shed light on the past and present of the world, as a natural laboratory, Minister Varank said, “Every discovery to be made here is very valuable in terms of understanding nature, living things and the earth. The solution to many problems, especially climate change, is actually hidden here. “Therefore, I am proud that our country is at the forefront of these studies, which may have results that concern the whole world.” said.

Stating that the team will have a difficult journey of about one and a half months, Varank said, “The love of science is actually like this! Taking all kinds of difficulties, leaving their families, and being able to sign new discoveries on behalf of our country and humanity. On this occasion, once again, I congratulate them wholeheartedly. I wish them to go home safely and achieve very successful results.” used the phrases.

“Just as we are sending off our polar explorers on an expedition today, we will send off our astronauts to space in the very near future”

Minister Varank said, “Just as we are sending off our polar researchers to an expedition today, we will send our astronauts to space in the very near future. We strongly believe in this.” made the emphasis.​

Noting that during the expedition, detailed research will be carried out within the scope of 14 projects carried out in the fields of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences and Physical Sciences, Minister Varank emphasized that the projects will be carried out in cooperation with 29 institutions.​

“Our international collaborations also show how far we have come in the polar research we have just started”

Underlining the international cooperation, Minister Varank said, “Two foreign researchers, one from Portugal and one from Bulgaria, were included in the team. Our 2 Turkish researchers are already working at a station belonging to South Korea. This fact shows how far we have come in polar research, which we have only just begun.” said.​

“We offer many technological products developed with the spirit of the National Technology Move and domestic facilities to the service of the expedition team to be tested”

Varank said, “We offer many technological products developed with the spirit of the National Technology Move and domestic facilities to the service of the expedition team for testing. I personally find this step very valuable for the future of polar studies and many other scientific research projects.” He drew attention to the importance of the expedition with his statements.

Pointing out that the works in the poles are carried out under very difficult weather conditions, Minister Varank said, “Therefore, the competence of the machinery and equipment to be used here is very important both in terms of the safety of the team and the quality of the works. Therefore, if you are foreign-dependent for this machinery and equipment, the sustainability of your work is at great risk. If you constantly buy them from outside, a great cost will arise. More importantly, the places where you supply these technological products can easily end their supply to you. Polar research also has a great potential both in terms of the economic value it can produce and in terms of prestige. Therefore, there is intense international competition here. Your competitors, who see that your work has reached a certain stage,You cannot guarantee that he will not resort to such a means to disrupt it.” he said.​

“We will produce high-tech machinery and equipment to be used by our teams in these expeditions, with domestic and national means”

“Here, we are blending our pole studies with our national technology vision to strengthen our country's claim that 'I'm here too' in this field. We include polar studies in the steps we take with the aim of making our country a producer of critical technologies, not a market.” Varank said, “We have developed important collaborations with the star institutions of our satellite, communication, aviation and defense industry. Thus, we will produce high-tech machinery and equipment to be used by our teams in these expeditions, with domestic and national resources.” used the phrases.​

Varank noted that this effect will not only be limited to polar studies and will spread to many other areas, especially the defense industry and information and communication technologies. Finally, Minister Varank shared the details by stating that very important products and services developed by 5 valuable institutions will accompany the team this time.

“TUBITAK; It has been operating for a long time in order for Turkey to have a say in the future of Antarctica and the Arctic and in the protection of the poles.

Making the opening speech, TÜBİTAK President Prof. Dr. In his speech, Hasan Mandal emphasized that climate change and environmental problems have affected the world and Turkey more in recent years and mentioned that it is impossible to solve these problems with a single discipline and a single point of view due to their complex, dynamic and variable nature. prof. Dr. Mandal stated that as TÜBİTAK, they have produced solutions to these complex, dynamic and variable problems with the understanding of "working together, developing together and achieving together", which allows different disciplines to work together.

Stating that TÜBİTAK has been carrying out activities for a long time in order to have a say in the future of Turkey, Antarctica and the Arctic, and in the protection of the poles, Mandal said that in 2017, Turkey was under the auspices of the Presidency in order to be among the leading countries in scientific research and technology production. He reminded that he organized the first national science expedition to Antarctica under the responsibility of the Ministry of Industry and Technology. Stating that with the establishment of TUBITAK Marmara Research Center Polar Research Institute (MAM KARE) in 2019, studies in the field of poles gained a different dimension, TUBITAK President Prof. Dr. Hasan Mandal said, “With the establishment of TÜBİTAK MAM KARE, we coordinated our science expeditions to the Arctic regions in line with the National Polar Science Program.We started to implement it together with our Ministry of Industry and Technology.” used the phrases.

“Thermal cells developed with domestic and national resources have eliminated foreign dependency in our defense industry”

Mandal also mentioned the importance of the sixth expedition, which will be held on January 22, and emphasized that different institutions and organizations of our country supported the expedition with national products. prof. Dr. Mandal stated that "thermal batteries", which are among these products and developed by TUBITAK with domestic and national resources, eliminate foreign dependency in our defense industry. Stating that the thermal batteries developed by the TÜBİTAK Defense Industry Research and Development Institute (SAGE) will provide many advantages by using them in the Science Expedition, Mandal said, “Thanks to the heat energy to be obtained from these batteries, the heating and liquid water needs of the research team in emergencies will be met.” said.

Pointing out that thermal batteries are distinguished from their alternatives with their long shelf life, maintenance-free, high energy supply in short periods, rapid triggering, non-exhaustion, high reliability, wide operating temperature range, and resistance to harsh environmental conditions, Mandal said, “The performance expected from it even at -90 degrees. "Thermal batteries that can provide power, will perform their duties without any problems, especially in emergency situations, in the extremely cold climate conditions of Antarctica, where other battery technologies cannot work." made a statement. Emphasizing that thermal batteries, which can be stored for more than 20 years in Antarctic conditions with their long shelf life, can maintain their initial energy level even after 20 years without the need for any maintenance, TÜBİTAK President Prof. Dr. Mandal, all their work in this field,He stated that it shows that Turkey has turned into a country that produces and develops these technologies with its own resources, rather than a country that follows technological developments.​

Underlining that as TÜBİTAK, they aim to develop and produce these technologies as well as to create qualified human resources that will carry out studies in this field, Mandal said that for this purpose, they organized the "Polar Festival", Polar Sciences Workshops, and the 2204-C High School Students Pole Research Projects Competition, which they carried out within the scope of TEKNOFEST, to support the young people's projects in this field. said they supported it.​

Finally, Mandal thanked all organizations that provided critical technologies that Turkey needed, Anadolu Agency that would provide communication support in the Science Expedition, and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Minister of Industry and Technology Mustafa Varank, who never spared their support in the studies.

Expedition Coordinator Prof. Dr. Burcu Özsoy shared the details of the expedition

Sharing the details of the expedition with the 6th National Antarctic Science Expedition Presentation, TÜBİTAK MAM Polar Research Institute (KARE) Director and Expedition Coordinator Prof. Dr. Burcu Özsoy gave information about the expedition that will take place between January 22 and March 3, 2022. Emphasizing that the expedition will take place under COVID-19 measures, Özsoy shared details of a total of 14 projects, which will be carried out in collaboration with 29 different institutions, seven of which are in the field of Life Sciences, four in Earth Sciences and three in the field of Physical Sciences.​

Touching on foreign collaborations, Prof. Dr. Özsoy said, “Two Turkish researchers continue their work at South Korea's King Sejong Antarctic Station, and one researcher from Bulgaria and Portugal will take part with us in the Sixth National Antarctic Science Expedition.” shared his knowledge.​

TÜBİTAK SAGE thermal cells will contribute in difficult conditions

“Our thermal battery, for which we have all the design, development and production capabilities as SAGE, is on its way to take part in the 6th National Antarctic Science Expedition in the arctic region where harsh environmental conditions prevail,” said TÜBİTAK Defense Industry Research and Development Institute (SAGE) Manager. Gürcan Okumuş emphasized the high-tech thermal batteries developed and produced by Turkish engineers locally and nationally, with features such as advanced reliability, a shelf life of at least 25 years, no maintenance, and rapid triggering.​

Okumuş said, “The batteries, which are an alternative power source with their ability to function at full capacity at extremely low temperatures such as -90°C, are used in Antarctica, the coldest point of the world and known for its harsh climatic conditions, in case of urgent, fast and reliable electrical energy need, It will be ready for use and will contribute to scientific research and development.” said.​

Radio support from ASELSAN to the Antarctic team

Haluk Görgün, Chairman of the Board of Directors and General Manager of ASELSAN, said that they follow the works carried out in Antarctica under the leadership of TÜBİTAK on behalf of Turkey with great excitement, curiosity and pride.​

Stating that as ASELSAN, they have sent Radio and Modular Mobile Repeater Radio systems to Antarctica for testing and use, Görgün noted that communication products developed with domestic and national resources and tested under the most difficult conditions will be reliable supporters of scientists in a very challenging field. Pointing out that the 3700 handheld radios, which they sent to Antarctica with 15 design awards, are among the most successful communication products of ASELSAN in its class, Görgün said, "Our radios will add a new one to their success in many challenging environments in the world, and will be the companions of our teams in the harsh environment of the arctic." said.​

Görgün added that the "Portable Hybrid Power Support Unit", which produces energy with high-efficiency solar panels and can be installed by two people, will provide energy support to scientists in Antarctica, where there is no electricity infrastructure.​

HAVELSAN introduced its GNSS receiver

HAVELSAN General Manager Mehmet Akif Nacar also reminded that they held the first meetings with TÜBİTAK MAM KARE officials at TEKNOFEST 2021 and underlined that they developed the HAVELSAN GNSS receiver in a short period of 4 months and that it will be used for the first time in the national polar expedition in Antarctica.​

Stating that HAVELSAN GNSS receiver calculates location and provides global coverage by using satellites of many different countries such as GPS, Galileo, Beidu, Glonass, QZSS, Nacar said, "HAVELSAN GNSS receiver offers uninterrupted working performance with real-time location, speed and time information." used the phrase.​

Minister Varank delivered the products to the expedition team

After the speeches, products expedition coordinator Prof. Dr. Delivering it to Burcu Özsoy, Minister Varank said, “Developing these technologies and being able to try them in the field gives our institutions a great advantage. You know the difference when you bring tried products to market today. I care very much that our companies test their products. ASELSAN, HAVELSAN and SAGE will perform one of the most difficult tests in Antarctica. Hopefully, if we can establish a permanent base, we will go there and test it together.” used the phrases.
 

dBSPL

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The new Turkish house...
this time in Antarctica.

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Turkish Antarctic Research Station (TARS)
Horseshoe Island, Antarctica

 

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